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European Commision
Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe 2023
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  • Foreword
  • Summary and main findings
  • Chapter 1. General labour market conditions in the EU and its Member States
    • Introduction
    • General labour market conditions in the EU
    • Outlook for unemployment
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix
  • Chapter 2. Wages and labour costs developments in the EU and its Member States
    • Introduction
    • Nominal wage developments and prospects
    • Recent developments and prospects for real wages and purchasing power
    • Possible wage increases in the current context
    • The long-term process of wage convergence between Member States
    • The role of public policies in tapping the potential for wage increases
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix
  • Chapter 3. Working time reduction in the EU: recent patterns and main drivers
    • Introduction
    • Working hours: insights from economic theory
    • The Regulation of working time in the EU
    • Recent Trends in working time and their determinants
    • Working time reduction
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix
  • References
  • Statistical annex

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Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe 2023

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Content

  • General labour market conditions in the EU and its Member States
    • Introduction
    • General labour market conditions in the EU
    • Outlook for unemployment
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix
  • Wages and labour costs developments in the EU and its Member States
    • Introduction
    • Nominal wage developments and prospects
    • Recent developments and prospects for real wages and purchasing power
    • Possible wage increases in the current context
    • The long-term process of wage convergence between Member States
    • The role of public policies in tapping the potential for wage increases
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix
  • Working time reduction in the EU: recent patterns and main drivers
    • Introduction
    • Working hours: insights from economic theory
    • The Regulation of working time in the EU
    • Recent Trends in working time and their determinants
    • Working time reduction
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix

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