- Chapter 1
Main employment and social developments
This chapter explores the latest employment and social developments in the EU, with a special focus on public expenditure.
Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2024
The 2024 edition of the Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) annual review examines patterns and developments of social convergence in the EU over the last decade, showing important catching-up trends among Member States. It discusses the role of social investment in supporting social and economic developments, providing evidence of the impact of selected policies on socioeconomic outcomes. It also examines how policies on housing, social protection, and green reforms and investments can support upward social convergence.
- Chapter 2
Social convergence in the EU: taking stock
This chapter provides a longer-term analysis of socio-economic convergence between and within Member States.
- Chapter 3
The role of social investment
This chapter discusses the role of social investment and its contribution to upward social convergence between Member States.
