Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) 2023

Table A.4
Moderate future labour shortages in energy-intensive industries

Future sectoral shortages in energy-intensive industries to 2035, NACE 2-digit level

 

NACE  2-digit

Expansion 

Replacement

Imbalance

Cedefop future shortage indicator

Mining of coal and lignite

05

1

1

2.0

1.3

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas

06

2

1

2.0

1.7

Mining of metal ores; other mining and quarrying; mining support service activities

07-09

3

1

2.0

2.0

Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

20

2

2

2.0

2.0

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

23

2

2

2.7

2.2

Manufacture of basic metals

24

2

3

2.7

2.6

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers

29

3

3

2.3

2.8

Source: DG EMPL calculations, based on Cedefop Skills Forecast 2023.