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HomeStudy of the impact of free zones and proposals for guidelines on their future modernisation in light of the European Green Deal
Final report
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The ‘Study of the impact of free zones and proposals for guidelines in their future modernisation in light of the European Green Deal’ is the result of a proposal for a Pilot Project sent by the European Parliament to the European Commission. It has been commissioned by DG TAXUD and undertaken by Ecorys in the period February 2022-July 2023. The underlying objective of the study is to assess the performance of the EU free zones in several aspects (including their contribution to economic growth, their associated risks, labour, and environmental considerations), as well as a comparison of EU and non-EU free zones. This study also provides a proposal for Guidelines on best practices of free zones on how to comply with the European Green Deal objectives, as well as an explanation of the particular added value that free zones can provide to achieve such objectives. The conclusions of the study are based on the analysis of socio-economic indicators (e.g. employment, GDP), interviews with more than 120 stakeholders (including customs/tax authorities, free zone authorities/operators, NGOs, academics, and international organisations), and six case studies on topics like labour conditions and environmental practices. More than 80 % of the consulted customs authorities and FIUs replied, while 57 % of the consulted tax authorities did so.
- Published:
- Corporate author(s): Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (European Commission)
- Themes: Competition policy
- Subject: customs , economic growth , economic indicator , environmental policy , free zone , impact study , non-governmental organisation , project evaluation , report , risk management , social indicator , socioeconomic conditions , tax system
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| ISSN | ISBN 978-92-68-07888-4 | DOI 10.2778/649828 | Catalogue number KP-03-23-387-EN-N |
- Released on EU publications website:
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