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The economic networks of the fourth division during the Syrian conflict
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The economic networks of the fourth division during the Syrian conflict
Publication metadata
The Fourth Division has undergone changes during the years of conflict. Under the leadership of Maher al-Assad since 2018, the role of its security bureau has grown and its structure has become clearer, while its powers and geographical spread outside the capital Damascus have expanded. Major General Ghassan Bilal has remained the head of its security bureau since its formation in the late 1990s
despite attempts by Russia to exclude him. This rise in the role of the Fourth Division implies a desire of the regime to strengthen its institutions and centralise power in them. The security bureau runs war economy activities in cooperation with a network of closely-affiliated businessmen and mediators. The latter have been carefully selected and assigned multiple tasks to support the regime, giving them greater opportunities to develop their roles in the political-economic system at the local and perhaps national levels. Since 2016, the bureau has worked to further its hegemony over the war economy, an endeavour in which it had succeeded by 2018. In addition, the conflict has also seen a shift in the way the Fourth Division intervenes in the management of Syria’s economic institutions. While it was previously content to indirectly influence the selection of officials in these institutions, relying on proxy agents to manage them, it now handles the process directly, as in the ports of Tartus and Latakia. However, this hegemony remains dependent on relationships with Russia and the continued support of the presidential palace.
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Published:
2020-08-07
Corporate author(s):
European University Institute
Personal author(s):
Aldassouky, Ayman
Themes:
Near and Middle East
,
Economy — Finance
Subject:
imperialism
,
international relations
,
international security
,
Syria
,
war
,
war economy
PDF
ISSN
ISBN
978-92-9084-835-6
DOI
10.2870/95105
Catalogue number
QM-01-20-075-EN-N
PDF
ISBN
978-92-9084-835-6
DOI
10.2870/95105
Catalogue number
QM-01-20-075-EN-N
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