Case C-204/21: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 5 June 2023. — European Commission v Republic of Poland (Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations — Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU — Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Rule of law — Effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law — Independence of judges — Article 267 TFEU — Possibility of making a reference to the Court for a preliminary ruling — Primacy of EU law — Jurisdiction in relation to the lifting of the immunity from criminal prosecution of judges and in the field of employment law, social security and retirement of judges of the Sąd Najwyższy (Supreme Court, Poland) conferred on the Disciplinary Chamber of that court — National courts prohibited from calling into question the legitimacy of the constitutional courts and bodies or from establishing or assessing the lawfulness of the appointment of judges or their judicial powers — Verification by a judge of compliance with certain requirements relating to the existence of an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by the law classified as a ‘disciplinary offence’ — Exclusive jurisdiction to examine questions relating to the lack of independence of a court or judge conferred on the Extraordinary Review and Public Affairs Chamber of the Sąd Najwyższy (Supreme Court) — Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights — Rights to privacy and the protection of personal data — Regulation (EU) 2016/679 — Article 6(1), first subparagraph, points (c) and (e), and Article 6(3), second subparagraph — Article 9(1) — Sensitive data — National legislation requiring judges to make a declaration as to whether they belong to associations, foundations or political parties, and to the positions held within those associations, foundations or political parties, and providing for the placing online of the data contained in those declarations)