In recent years, green hydrogen has emerged as one of the most promising clean technologies, often portrayed as the ‘Swiss knife’ of the energy transition. › In the future green hydrogen will play an important albeit limited role in the energy transition. Because of high production costs and com...
This Brief analyses the EU warning system’s contribution to conflict prevention and discusses ways to strengthen it. The first section examines the factors that contribute to the success of the system. The second section suggests how the system and the EU’s overall prevention approach can be fur...
This Brief analyses the EU’s engagement in the Sahel region in light of the recent coups and the challenges the Union faces in balancing norms and interests. It offers insights into the shortcomings and complexities of the EU’s initiatives in the Sahel and puts forward recommendations for future...
The EU and the GCC have a long-standing partnership. However their relations have been hampered by institutional differences, contrasting values and priorities, and conflicting interests. Both the EU and GCC need to invest more effort in understanding each other’s institutional structures, inter...
Since 2013, violence against civilians in the G5 Sahel countries – comprising Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger – has increased tenfold. With the departure of the French army and the ongoing withdrawal of the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), jihadist armed groups have onc...
In recent years, countries across the globe have witnessed a rise in false and misleading information about political events and actors (1). It has remained largely unclear, however, why certain disinformation campaigns have spread more widely – and been more effective – in some countries than i...
‘The Commission recommends opening of accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina once the necessary degree of compliance with the membership criteria is achieved’: so reads the 2023 Enlargement Package unveiled on 8 November. Ahead of the European Council in December, some EU Member Stat...
The longstanding conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh ended with the capitulation of the breakaway republic to Azerbaijani forces in September. Almost the entire Karabakh population (120 000) fled their homes to seek sanctuary in Armenia. Yet peace between Azerbaijan and Armenia is not in sight. The E...