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HomeRecent trends in coal and peat regions in the Western Balkans and Ukraine
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The purpose of this report is to investigate the future of solid fossil fuels in the Western Balkans and Ukraine and the impact of the energy transition on the number of jobs related to these activities. This research covers the use of solid fossil fuels (namely coal, peat and oil shale) in the Western Balkans and Ukraine in 2018, at NUTS-2-equivalent level. Evidence shows that there is no registered use of shale oil, and very limited of peat, only in Ukraine. The analysis then focuses on coal use, covering the mining and related power production sectors, evaluating their corresponding direct and indirect employment. It further evaluates the potential impact on the identified employment due to existing decarbonisation strategies. On top of mining and power sectors, distribution of carbon intensive industries across the regional scope is also covered. Coal is by far the most used fossil fuel in the Western Balkans and Ukraine, followed by peat, which is used only marginally in Ukraine. Shale oil is not used at all. There were 65 coal mines in the area in 2018, producing 93 Mt of hard coal and lignite – which equals around 20% of the coal produced in the European Union. Ukraine hosts by far the biggest mining industry in terms of employment, with 47 mines and more than 55 500 jobs, but Serbia produces almost 50% more coal in just two large open-pit mines, employing 12 500 workers. The Ukrainian power sector consists of 38 coal power plants, adding up to a capacity of 26 GW. Serbia counts six plants totalling 4.3 GW, Bosnia and Herzegovina reaches 2 GW with five plants. Kosovo* (1) and North Macedonia have two plants each with total capacity of 1.2 GW and 0.8 GW respectively. There is one 0.2 GW coal power plant in Montenegro. Kosovo* has the power generation with the highest dependence on coal (95%), followed by Serbia (67%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (65%), North Macedonia (51%), Montenegro (41%) and Ukraine (30%). Albania, relying on hydropower supplemented by imports for its electricity supply, does not use coal or peat for domestic power generation. There is a total of 138 000 direct jobs associated with the sectors analysed (almost 89 500 jobs in mining and close to 48 500 jobs in coal-based power plants). Seen as a proportion of the total workforce, these employment levels range from 0.4% in Montenegro to 1.4% in Kosovo*, with Ukraine (0.5%), North Macedonia (0.5%), Serbia (0.6%) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) in between. For purposes of comparison, the EU’s largest coal sector, in Poland, constitutes 0.7% of its national labour force. If the scenarios we considered in the corresponding energy strategies were to be realised by 2030, between 29 000 and 64 000 jobs would be at risk in coal mines and power plants in the Western Balkans and Ukraine.
- Utgiven:
- Redigerad av: Medarac, H ; Ruiz, P ;
- Ämnen: Central- och Östeuropa , Kol – Kolväten
- Ämne: arbetsmarknad , energiförbrukning , energipolitik , forskningsrapport , fossilt bränsle , gruvarbetare , kolgruvedrift , nedskärning av arbetstillfällen , stenkol , torv , Ukraina , västra Balkan
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| ISSN 1831-9424 | ISBN 978-92-76-41929-7 | DOI 10.2760/81752 | Katalognummer KJ-NA-30837-EN-N |
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| ISSN 1018-5593 | ISBN 978-92-76-41930-3 | DOI 10.2760/238209 | Katalognummer KJ-NA-30837-EN-C |
- Released on EU publications website:
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