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HomePCDD/PCDF, PCB, and Hexachlorobenzene in soil, bottom ash and products from brickmaking sites in developing countries
Results from surveys in Kenya, Mexico, and South Africa
Metadane publikacji
Hardly any emission data regarding Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) and other unintentionally produced POPs are available for brick-production plants in developing countries, mainly due to the lack of infrastructure for sampling flue gasses. In addition, the installations are often small and do not warrant measurements, or are constructed in such a way that conventional stack sampling cannot be performed. However, from the few data available from a previous pilot study in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, emissions of (PCDD/PCDF) from brick production turned out to be low. PCDD/PCDF emission factors to air were between 0.045μg TEQ (wood-fired kiln) and 0.20 μg TEQ (waste-oil-fired kiln) per tonne of bricks produced. The TEQ contributions of dioxin-like PCB were between 1% and 10%, and HCB concentrations were about three orders of magnitude higher than the total TEQ. Since the data obtained from the Guanajuato study describe only a fraction of the technologies and fuels employed worldwide in the brickmaking process, it remained unclear as to how far these air emission factors can be applied to other, so far uninvestigated, installations elsewhere. In this study, we conducted an indirect validation of the representativeness of the emission factors obtained from the Guanajuato study by comparing unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the neighboring top soils, production ash and bricks from a series of brick kilns in different world regions, thus covering a broader range of technologies and fuels involved. Two large-scale industrial and one small subsistence brick kiln in South Africa, six small subsistence brick kilns in Kenya, and 10 commercial backyard kilns in Mexico (including those in Guanajuato where the emission factors had been determined) were investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the air emission factors obtained from the Guanajuato study can be applied to other kilns that use a broader range of technologies and fuels. This indirect validation is based on the premise that air emissions of unintentionally produced POPs can be assumed to be similar when concentrations in surrounding soils, bottom ash and bricks are similar.
- Opublikowano:
- Autorzy indywidualni: Cárdenas González, Beatriz ; Thanner, Gerhard ; Umlauf, Gunther ; Mariani, Giulio ; Fiedler, Heidi ; Mirikau, Charles ; Munguia, José Luis ; Grochowalski, Adam ; Maiz, Pablo ; Ortunoño, Teresa ; Bouwman, Henk ; Costner, Pat
- Tematy Polityka w dziedzinie środowiska i ochrona środowiska , Polityka przemysłowa
- Temat: budownictwo , cegła , Kenia , Meksyk , monitoring środowiska , pobieranie prób , polityka ochrony środowiska , Republika Południowej Afryki , spaliny , sprawozdanie z badań , wytwórczość przemysłowa , zanieczyszczenie chemiczne , zanieczyszczenie organiczne
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| ISSN 1831-9424 | ISBN 978-92-79-67972-8 | DOI 10.2788/524993 | Numer katalogowy LB-NA-24665-EN-N |
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Wydanie papierowe
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| ISSN 1018-5593 | ISBN 978-92-79-18931-9 | DOI 10.2788/86888 | Numer katalogowy LB-NA-24665-EN-C |
- Released on EU publications website:
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