This biennial report provides a quality review of the national balance of payments (b.o.p.), international investment position (i.i.p.) and international reserves template of the Eurosystem (international reserves), as well as the associated euro area aggregates.1 The report fulfils the formal r...

This briefing considers how the monitoring and enforcement of human rights clauses in the European Union’s (EU) agreements have evolved to promote human rights compliance. A series of recommendations will be presented with a focus on the themes of consultation, monitoring, and enforcement. Consu...

This booklet provides updated, detailed information on the transmission of monthly and quarterly balance of payments (b.o.p.) statistics, as well as international investment position (i.i.p.) and international reserves template data within the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). It also cov...

The purpose of this publication is to provide the compilers and users of European statistics on international trade in goods with sound information on the nomenclature used to classify the reporting and partner countries. Besides including the latest version of the nomenclature of countries and ...

This guide contains selected tables and graphs outlining the current state of and recent developments in the European Union’s trade with the rest of the world. In 2022, world trade was affected by geopolitical tension linked to the Russian aggression on Ukraine, rising inflation (which triggered...

Collectively, the 33 countries forming the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) are the EU's fifth largest trading partner. Offering an overview of trade relations between the EU and Latin American and Caribbean countries (Chile, Cuba and Mexico) and groupings (the Andean Com...

This study examines the EU’s policy on human rights clauses in its international agreements since 2014. It focuses on the inclusion of human rights clauses in framework agreements, in line with the 2009 ‘Common Approach’, and how these clauses apply to more ‘specific’ agreements between the part...

This paper empirically investigates the effect of the EU-South Korea free trade agreement (FTA) on manufacturing trade flows. By applying a state-of-the-art structural gravity model with intranational (i.e., domestic) trade and using disaggregated data, we quantify both the trade impact and the ...

The Consumer Conditions Survey assesses consumers’ attitudes, behaviours and experiences with respect to domestic and cross-border trade as well as other, related themes. Key topics include consumer confidence and knowledge; online purchasing; product safety; problems and complaints; and unfair ...