Od 1952 r. Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej (TSUE ) dba o przest rzeganie i prawidłowe stoso wanie prawa Unii w państ wach członkowskich. Z biegiem czasu Trybunał wydał szereg wyroków, które wzmocniły integrację europejską, jednocześnie przyznając obywatelom, a w szczególności konsumen...
This study maps and analyses current and future threats from online misinformation, alongside currently adopted socio-technical and legal approaches. The challenges of evaluating their effectiveness and practical adoption are also discussed. Drawing on and complementing existing literature, the ...
EU Regulations clearly establish that food information provided on a voluntary basis shall not mislead the consumer, shall not be ambiguous or confusing for the consumer and shall, where appropriate, be based on the relevant scientific data in order to be verified. The goal is thus to give consu...
Selon de précédentes enquêtes menées au niveau européen, 95 % des consommateurs originaires des 28 pays membres de l'Union européenne qui achètent en ligne, ont acheté des biens et des services au moins une fois au cours de l'année dernière. Mais ceux-ci ne connaissent pas réellement leurs droit...
Prior consumer surveys carried out at EU level highlight that 95% of EU28 online consumers purchased goods and services at least once during the previous year. However, consumers are not very aware of their rights when making online purchases. One marketing tool that is used to entice online con...
The overall objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, relevance, and EU added value of the Consumer Rights Directive (Directive 2011/83/EU). The study establishes the degree to which the objectives of the Directive have been achieved, with respect to a high l...
The study examines the incidence of vulnerability across the EU28 and Iceland and Norway, and the factors explaining any observed vulnerability. The study uses a range of information sources (literature review, stakeholder interviews, consumer survey and consumer experiments in five countries) a...
The European Online Games, Social Media and Mobile Application sector has grown substantially in recent years and children are exposed to increasingly sophisticated marketing techniques online which are often outside the purview of existing regulatory frameworks. This study aims to provide a bet...
