This paper will provide an overview of the key questions and issues for Public Employment Services (PES) relating to providing upskilling programmes and services to employees (and their employers). We will draw on existing promising practices and academic research, as well as the...
This paper documents state dependence in labour market fluctuations. Using a Threshold Vector Autoregression model (TVAR), we establish that the unemployment rate, the job separation rate, and the job finding rate exhibit a larger response to productivity shocks during periods wi...
In order to prove that a person is subject to a social security system a so-called ‘Portable Document A1 (PD A1)’ is issued by the Member State whose legislation remains applicable. This certificate concerns the social security legislation which applies to a person and confirms t...
In a cross-border situation, there is a risk that social security contributions are not paid for mobile persons to the public authority in the competent Member State. The competent Member State will normally be the Member State where the mobile person works. However, in some spec...
In general, to receive unemployment benefits the person has to stay in the country which pays the benefits. Nonetheless, an unemployed person has the right to look for a job in another Member State while retaining the unemployment benefit from the competent Member State for a lim...
As a principle, unemployed mobile workers will claim benefits in the Member State of last activity. In some cases a mobile worker’s period of insurance, employment or self-employment is insufficient to be entitled to an unemployment benefit. In that case additional periods comple...
The European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp) provides a comprehensive approach for digital competence that can be adapted to many areas of life. The DigCompSat tool aims at testing empirically the set of DigComp 2.1 competences corresponding to levels 1 to 6 (...
Early data show that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected particularly strongly start-up business activity. This may have dramatic and lasting effects on aggregate employment which persist as the cohort of new firms age. To assess such an impact, we developed the EU start-up calcul...
Ensuring that EU countries develop robust skills anticipation to inform responsive VET systems is a key aim of the Skills agenda for Europe. But, to have impact, skills intelligence requires good skills governance, feeding into VET and employment policies with wide outreach to di...
