Linking national spending on the environment with the effects it has on the environmental performance of EU Member States allows for a better assessment of the effective quality of budgetary interventions. In this analysis, based on the detailed research paper in the Annex, we di...

This biennial report provides a quality review of the national balance of payments (b.o.p.), international investment position (i.i.p.) and international reserves template of the Eurosystem (international reserves), as well as the associated euro area aggregates. The report fulfi...

This is the second edition of the European Central Bank’s biennial report on financial integration and structure in the euro area. As explained in greater detail in the preface to the first edition in March 2020, it is designed to focus on structural developments in the financial...

HICP inflation expectations were revised up by 3.0 percentage points for 2022 and 0.6 percentage points for 2023 but unchanged for 2024, standing at 6.0%, 2.4% and 1.9% for 2022, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The upward revision for 2022 mainly reflects higher expected energy and f...

The Commission Fiscal Sustainability Report (FSR) 2021, the sixth edition of this report introduced in 2006, provides an update of fiscal sustainability challenges faced by the Member States. Government debt has significantly increased as a result of the pandemic across the EU. F...

This report summarises the main findings from the 12th post-programme surveillance (PPS) mission for Cyprus, which took place from 11-21 March 2022. The mission was conducted by the European Commission staff, in liaison with staff from the European Central Bank (ECB). The institu...