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A critical review of the factors determining dermal absorption of nanomaterials and available tools for the assessment of dermal absorption
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A critical review of the factors determining dermal absorption of nanomaterials and available tools for the assessment of dermal absorption

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Dermal absorption can lead to systemic availability of substances. The literature on dermal absorption of (manufactured) nanomaterials (MNM), was therefore studied starting with a previous report by Danish EPA in 2013. Studies were selected for analysis via criteria for inclusion, exclusion, quality and relevance. Crucial information on particle size in the application medium or dissolution of the particles was missing in many studies. Ex vivo studies with human or porcine skin were found to be most relevant, while rodent skin studies were considered less relevant, due to differences in skin and lack of knowledge on penetration mechanisms. Compromised skin integrity and formulations that increase permeability of the skin appear to increase penetration. Some indications were found for larger penetration of smaller particle sizes, lower penetration after agglomeration and an increase of penetration with positive surface charge of MNM. Lack of validated and standardized methods to measure the nanomaterials limits the drawing of conclusions. It is recommended to use ex vivo studies with human or porcine skin to evaluate dermal absorption of nanomaterials and to perform proper studies with fully characterized MNM and comparable testing protocols to assess influential factors.
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ISBN 978-92-9481-589-7
DOI 10.2823/97626
Numéro de catalogue ED-02-20-354-EN-N
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ISSN ISBN 978-92-9481-589-7 DOI 10.2823/97626 Numéro de catalogue ED-02-20-354-EN-N
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