Validation is the process of identifying, documenting, assessing and certifying the learning outcomes of individuals acquired outside formal education and training (e.g. at work, at home and while volunteering)....
The EU seeks to build a comprehensive immigration policy in which legally residing non-EU nationals, referred to as third-country nationals (TCNs), should be treated fairly and in a non-discriminatory manner. The EU has adopted secondary legislation covering different categories of TCNs and vari...
Level descriptors are essential elements of national qualifications frameworks (NQF) established and implemented across Europe. They define what is meant by learning outcomes, describing what an individual is expected to know, be able to do and understand, having acquired a qualification at a pa...
Cross-border police cooperation between Poland and Germany began in 1991. In 2015, a bilateral agreement between the two countries came into force with the aim to replace the previous agreements and to address the obstacles to an efficient cooperation between the police forces. Despite the fact ...
This case study focuses on ‘complex rules’ and other obstacles hampering cross-border business activity in the Bulgarian-Greek (BG-EL) border region. At European Union (EU) level, a series of European Single Market initiatives have been seeking to remove such obstacles. Since the momentous event...
The Study to support the revision of the Diploma Supplement and analyse the feasibility of its digitalisation at European level looks at the Diploma Supplement in an abstract sense, and elaborates on what it would mean to digitalise it. This custom-format study includes elements of status-quo ma...
