This study presents an overview of possible options for an effective model of enforcement for a future Digital Services Act. Four key areas of regulatory design are emphasised; the failure of self-regulation in relation to platforms; the importance of correct regulatory framing; the necessity of...
The paper reflects on responsibilities and duties of care of online intermediaries as set out in the E-Commerce Directive and gives recommendations for a possible future EU Digital Services Act....
Road transport is the most common means of transport and the biggest cause of accidents in the EU. Taking this into consideration, the EU has developed a transport policy oriented towards safety and security through common standards and rules. In the context of this policy, in 2014 the EU adopte...
The development of renewable energy sources is crucial for achieving the EU’s energy and climate targets. At the same time, such developments may give rise to conflicts with EU biodiversity goals, especially those related to nature conservation. With an aim to assist stakeholders in managing the...
This document summarises the results of all project tasks and deliverables completed by the European Union Energy Poverty Observatory (EPOV), a European Commission (EC) supported initiative to help Member States (MS) in their efforts to combat energy poverty and achieve a just and sustainable en...
The following tables provide an overview of the transposition legislation individual MS have adopted to implement Directive 2008/114 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. The tables contain informati...
The European Union legislation on blood and tissues and cells aims to safeguard public health by setting clear standards for quality and safety. The legislation on blood comprises Directive 2002/98/EC and implementing (technical) Directives 2004/33/EC as amended, 2005/61/EC, 2005/62/EC and 2009/...
This document provides an overview of the legal and practical implementation of EU legal migration acquis in Hungary and provides a summary of the detailed questionnaires filled in for each stage of the migration process....
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the national classifications of good ecological status to be harmonised through an intercalibration exercise. In this exercise, significant differences in status classification among Member States are harmonized by comparing and, if necessary...
Around a quarter of the electricity and half of the low-carbon electricity in the EU is generated by nuclear energy. Plant operators, under the supervision of national regulatory authorities, are responsible for the safety of their installations. With the amendment to the 2009 Nuclear Safety Dir...
