The technical report describes the structure, the equations and the data that constitute the model FIDELIO 3. FIDELIO is a multi-sectoral model developed by the unit B.5 of the Directorate General Joint Research Centre (JRC) — the circular economy and industrial leadership unit. The model is des...
The Baltics share common developments and key structural features: their overall economic situation and policies, their structure of production, their main trade partners and their population flows, underlining their similarities but also differences....
This report provides an overview of the production costs in the iron and steel industry in the EU and third countries. The cost breakdowns are provided for two typical products of the integrated and recycling routes (hot rolled coil as a proxy of flat products and wire rod as a proxy of long pro...
Standards are very important as they provide requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. They contribute to remove technical barriers to trade, leading to new marke...
We study the relation between firms financial structure, access to external finance and labor productivity using a unique dataset of firm-level data for several euro area countries during the period 1995-2011. The empirical strategy is twofold. First we build a synthetic indicator of financial c...
Global Value Chains (GVCs) became the paradigm for the production of most goods and services around the world. Hence, interconnections among countries can no longer be adequately assessed through standard bilateral gross trade flows and new methods of analysis are needed. In this paper, we compu...
In connection with the review of the Sustainable Consumption and Production/Sustainable Industrial Policy (SCP/SIP) Action Plan, the Commission sought the views and additional information on a wide set of possible actions and policy measures to improve the level of ambition of its SCP and SIP po...
The Amsterdam Treaty makes sustainable development an explicit goal of the European Union. It states that integration of environmental concerns into all sectors is the key to achieving this goal. The European Union is still primarily an economic and monetary union. Therefore, the integration of ...
