The Slovak Republic is one of the two successor states (the other is the Czech Republic) established after the political changes on 1 January 1993, based on Constitutional Act No. 542/1992 Coll. on the Dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Slovakia is a unitary state, divided int...
Lithuania regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. The current Constitution was approved by referendum in 1992. On 1 May 2004 Lithuania joined the European Union, requiring significant changes to be made to the legal system in little over a decade to meet EU and international sta...
Poland is a unified state with a uniform legal system of continental type. The supreme legal act in Poland is the 1997 Constitution, which, among other things, declares that the Republic of Poland is a democratic state that follows the rule of law, implementing the principles of social justice (...
The Protection Against Discrimination Act (PADA) 2004 is the main anti-discrimination law, enacted to transpose the directives.9 It is a single equality law universally banning discrimination on a range of grounds, including race/ethnicity, sex, religion/belief, sexual orientation, disability an...
The Cypriot Constitution contains a far-reaching equality provision which prohibits discrimination on, inter alia any ground whatsoever.This provision has been interpreted restrictively by the courts as prohibiting differential treatment only where this was deemed ‘unreasonable’or only where two...
Due to several factors, which include the low level of legal awareness in Polish society, people’s passivity (and sometimes fear) around seeking to uphold their rights and a lack of systematic research, it is impossible to assess the real scale of discrimination in Poland. Research commissioned ...
In the European Union, there are numerous non-agricultural products made based on local knowledge and following local production methods that are rooted in the cultural and social heritage of their home region and that, ultimately, possess unique distinctive qualities and characteristics due to ...
France has a long-standing tradition of legislating for gender equality in the field of employment and professional life. The principle of equality between men and women was first recognised in 1946 in the Preamble to the French Constitution. The law of 11 February 1950 first regulated the princ...
