This report provides estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union (EU) and its Member States for the year 2013, covering the full GHG inventory (all sectors, except land use, land‑use change and forestry (LULUCF), and all gases). These estimates are also referred to as appro...
This report is one of a series of three short reports, described below, based on an overview of recent literature and successful case studies focusing on resource efficiency issues in urban areas. The reports analyse the challenges faced by cities and some of the solutions developed to meet thes...
The report presents the concept of urban metabolism, the circular model and the role of compactness in urban resource efficiency. Cities requires natural resources and energy to sustain the daily life and activities of the urban population. Nevertheless, there are opportunities to minimise input...
Greenhouse gases covered by the UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol include amongst others, three groups of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases): hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). These F-gases have very long lifetimes in the atmosphere and high global warmin...
Recent European Union (EU) legislation provides an opportunity to streamline European air quality data reporting and exchange. There is a strong business case to move towards more automated assessment in the area of air quality by organising and harmonising data and information, and by following...
The objective of this report (1) is to help improve the understanding of past greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trends in the energy sector from the demand or end‑user side. To do this, the report develops a methodology to redistribute emissions from energy industries to the final users (by sector) ...
The aim of this technical report is to explain to a wider audience the concepts and methodologies behind different air emission accounting perspectives and the resulting emissions data at the EU level. In brief, there are three of these different accounting perspectives: territorial, production ...
This report summarises the most recent data (covering the year 2013) reported under the ODS Regulation and looks at trends since 2006 (European Commission (DG Clima), 2010 and 2011; EEA, 2012 and 2013). Data for 2011 and 2012 were also updated based on the reports resubmitted for these years aft...
The present report is the official 2015 submission under the UNFCCC, with data for the years 1990–2013. It does not constitute an official submission under the Kyoto Protocol, even though some of the information included may relate to the requirements under the Kyoto Protocol. The legal basis fo...
The main objective of the present study is to analyse and quantify the effects that certain past policy measures in the road transport and industrial combustion facilities have had on the magnitude of air pollutant emissions and subsequent air quality in Europe. The policies selected are the Eur...