Methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB- 4en-PINACA) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Similar to other synthetic cannabinoids, it is sold as a ‘legal’ replacement for cannabis and controlled synthetic cannabinoids. Because of their high pot...
We propose an empirical framework to measure the degree of weakness of the global economy in real-time. It relies on nonlinear factor models designed to infer recessionary episodes of heterogeneous deepness, and fitted to the largest advanced economies (U.S., Euro Area, Japan, U.K., Canada and A...
New psychoactive substances can cause serious cross-border threats to health. In Europe, a three-step legal framework of early warning, risk assessment, and control measures allows the European Union to rapidly detect, assess, and respond to the public health and social threats caused by new psy...
Although European Directive 2008/114/EC on the protection of critical infrastructures (Council of the European Union, 2008) does not designate the water supply sector as a critical infrastructure, all governments recognise that their water supply is vital to national security. Water systems are ...
The misuse of antibiotics in farmed animals is on the radar of EU citizens across countries and sociodemographic groups. There is high awareness and it’s perceived as quite risky for food safety, especially among those responsive to risk communication. This provides a good basis for the effectiv...