The era of ‘imperial globalization’ at the turn of the 20th century was also the age of colonial railways. The global network of railway lines has never expanded faster than in the decades before and after 1900. Regarded as terrestrial extensions of marine networks, colonial rail...

This publication describes the interoperability test procedure for second version of Smart Tachograph components, as defined in the REGULATION (EU) No 165/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL and in the technical specifications included in the COMMISSION IMPLEMENTIN...

The JRC has been researching the technical challenges and solutions pertinent to collecting fleet-wide On-Board Fuel Consumption Measurement (OBFCM) data through direct data transfer from vehicles to the European Commission. In the scope of this research work, a technical solutio...

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the performance of rail passenger services using an accessibility framework developed with the International Transport Forum and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, along with a near-complete collection of Europe-...

The tachograph is a crucial tool for controlling compliance with EU rules on driving and rest times of drivers which aim at ensuring adequate working conditions, prevent distortions of competition and eliminate risks to road safety. This feasibility study assesses the strengths a...

The tachograph is a crucial tool for controlling compliance with EU rules on driving and rest times of drivers which aim at ensuring adequate working conditions, prevent distortions of competition and eliminate risks to road safety. This feasibility study assesses the strengths a...

Public authorities' expenditures in the purchase of goods, services and works (excluding utilities and defence) constitute approximately 14% of the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Europe, accounting for roughly EUR 1.8 trillion annually. Thus, public procurement has t...

A well-digitalised railway is critical to the Green Deal’s climate goals. However, it needs further significant investments and more robust coordination at EU level. Yet, there are also low-hanging fruits to be picked quickly, such as improved ticketing. Digitalisation, decarboni...

European railway undertakings and infrastructure managers systematically address cyber risks as part of their security risk management processes, especially after the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive came into force in 2016. Addressing cyber risks in the railway s...

Rail is one of the most sustainable transport modes we have. It plays a key role in the EU becoming climate-neutral by 2050. ...