The purpose of this Guide is to assist EU exporters of fruit and vegetables and other agricultural and forest commodities in understanding Canada’s phytosanitary requirements and to work with the relevant EU stakeholders to propose alternatives to MB treatment to the CFIA. In thi...
The illicit tobacco trade is a global phenomenon with significant negative health, social and economic consequences. This study is intended to support efforts to better understand the scope and scale of the illicit tobacco market. The primary objective was to develop a reliable, ...
The EU’s trade defence policy provides protection for European companies facing unfair practices in international trade. In such cases, the European Commission can impose anti-dumping or anti-subsidy duties to restore fair competition. We examined whether the Commission successfu...
Two years after the end of their mandates in 2018, the formation of new boards of directors of Syrian chambers of commerce in September and October 2020 shows significant changes in the regime’s businessmen networks. These elections saw a rise of businessmen who expanded their ec...
This document forms the Final Report for the ‘Study on territorial supply constraints in the EU retail sector’. This study has been commissioned by the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) of the European Commission, and it has be...
This report provides an update of 36 of the EU’s major trade agreements with 65 trading partners. The agreements cover 91% of EU trade with preferential partners and account for 30.4% of EU total external trade. The report highlights the implementation of EU agreements in Asia, t...
The present study identifies, describes and assesses in detail opportunities and threats for the Circular Economy arising from E-commerce. A broad literature research and direct stakeholder input led to the identification of 18 opportunities and 23 threats for the Circular Econom...
In this methodological paper, we introduce a conceptual and empirical framework that can inform on the position of European firms along Global Value Chains (GVCs). After taking stock of the most relevant scholarly works, we discuss how important it is to switch to a network persp...
The EU champions free trade. With every €1 billion in exports supporting 14 000 jobs in Europe, the EU fights for open, rules-based markets, a level playing field and the highest international standards. The EU is the largest trading power and one of the most open economies in th...
We study the impact of service trade restrictions on bilateral greenfield FDI projects in four different business services sectors within a gravity model framework. Project level FDI data for 42 destination countries and up to 41 source countries spanning the years 2014 to 2018 i...
The purpose of this publication is to provide the compilers and users of European statistics on international trade in goods with sound information on the nomenclature used to classify the reporting and partner countries. Besides including the latest version of the nomenclature o...
The 2019 Mystery Shopping Survey on territorial restrictions and geo-blocking in the European Digital Single Market (MSS 2019) analyses the occurrence of geoblocking practices and other sales-limiting practices linked to the territorial location of cross-border shoppers that are ...
The 2019 Mystery Shopping Survey (MSS) on territorial restrictions and geo-blocking in the European Digital Single Market is a follow-up to the 2015 MSS and analyses the evolution of the occurrence of geo-blocking and other sales-limiting practices linked to the territorial locat...
This is the European Chemicals Agency’s second Report on the operation of the PlC Regulation, for the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019, pursuant to Article 22 of Regulation (EU) No 649/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 concerning the ...
This briefing explores options for monitoring and enforcement of European Union (EU) human rights due diligence legislation, and how such legislation should contribute to access to justice and remedy for victims of human rights abuses linked to the operations of businesses inside...
The European Parliament (EP) has repeatedly underlined the need for stronger European requirements for companies to prevent human rights abuses and environmental harm and to provide access to remedies for victims. The debate — both in the EU institutions and in several Member Sta...
This briefing provides an overview of the existing legislative approaches to mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence and proposals by non-state actors, concerning the scope of potential European Union (EU) legislation on binding human rights due diligence (HRDD) obligations for comp...
Pressure on resources will increase - due to increasing global population, industrialisation, digitalisation, increasing demand from developing countries and the transition to climate neutrality with metals, minerals and biotic materials used in low-emission technologies and prod...
According to the terms of reference, the purpose of this project is to provide an interim evaluation of the implementation of the EU-Korea FTA, which will form the basis of a Staff Working Document of the Commission. In particular, the evaluation examines the effectiveness and ef...
This Trade Statistical Guide contains selected tables and graphs that outline the current state of and recent developments in the European Union’s (EU’s) foreign trade, i.e. its trade with the rest of the world. It has been compiled for the benefit of the Directorate-General for ...
The United Kingdom (UK) left the European Union (EU) on 31 January 2020. Officially, the UK is no longer an EU country and does not take part in EU decision-making. The EU and the UK have a Withdrawal Agreement that allows for a transition period until 31 December 2020. During th...
This paper summarises the discussions that took place at the workshop on “E-commerce rules, fit for the digital age”. The E-commerce directive was elaborated twenty years ago and has been key in regulating online services. However, the role of the internet has drastically evolved...
The international market for official export credit support for domestic exporting companies is aggressive and unruly. The rise of new ECA players and market innovations challenge the existing framework for promoting a level playing field for official export credit support. For t...
The European Commission is responsible for implementing EU legislation on international trade. It also investigates unfair practices in international trade that affect EU businesses and consumers, and dramatic shifts in trade flows into or out of the EU ...
Interconnectors can help the European Union (EU) resolve the energy trilemma, increasing security of supply, supporting the transition to a low carbon economy and favouring price convergence. - The EU should rely more on merchant interconnectors, which are financed by private fun...
The EU's Aid for Trade Strategy was adopted in October 2007 in response to the WTO-led AfT Initiative. Its aim was to help developing countries better integrate into the international trading system and take greater advantage of the poverty-reducing benefits of economic openn...
In recent years, international trade has gained increasing visibility on the European Council agenda. Profound changes have occurred in the global trading landscape, with common rules and standards questioned and new actors entering the world stage. A high level of economic inter...
This study uses a multidimensional approach to condense the information available in widely used service trade policy indicators and to describe the service trade restrictiveness of the European Economic Area (EEA) countries in five business service sectors (computer services and...
In recent years, the phenomenon of common ownership by institutional investors has sparked considerable debate among scholars about its impact on competition and companies’ corporate governance. This study analyses some specific features of common ownership by institutional inves...
This report presents the results of the research project “Pass-Through of Unfair Trading Practices in EU Food Supply Chains: Methodology and Empirical Application”. The research was funded by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC). The purpose of the project i...
TRACES is the European Commission's multilingual online platform for sanitary and phytosanitary certification required for the importation of animals, animal products, food and feed of non-animal origin and plants into the European Union, and the intra-EU trade and EU exports...
The study surveys generic economic impact studies on services in the single market, summarizes the achievements of the EU legislator in the single services market in the period 2010-2018 as well as the principal non-legislative initiatives, discusses the estimated economic benefi...
Through a series of case studies this study provides an overview of measures implemented by states and firms that may harm competition and consumer choice. It explores the extent to which EU Law may apply to prevent such restrictive practices. This document was prepared by Policy...
The general problem addressed in this document is the estimation of “fair” import prices from international trade data. The work is in support to the determination of the customs value at the moment of the customs formalities, to establish how much duty the importer must pay, and...
This guidance responds to the recurring questions of public buyers and reassures them that there are tools in the public procurement framework to ensure equal treatment between bidders – whether from inside or outside the EU – and to address concerns regarding unfair competitive ...
This study provides an analysis and overview of the review and monitoring clauses, sunset clauses, consultation clauses and management and implementation clauses contained in bilateral and multilateral international agreements concluded between the EU and other countries, and in ...
Comext CD-ROM is published monthly. It contains statistics of trade, classifications of countries and products, methodological notes, notes on the state of data availability, the user manual, and the Eurostat publications catalogue. ...
Le CD-ROM Comext est publié mensuellement. Il contient les statistiques des échanges commerciaux, les nomenclatures de produits et de pays, des notes méthodologiques, l'état des données disponibles, des informations générales sur le CD-ROM, un manuel utilisateur et le catalog...
Die CD-ROM Comext erscheint monatlich und enthält die Außenhandelsstatistiken, die Warennomenklatur und das Länderverzeichnis, Anmerkungen zur Methodik, Angaben über die verfügbaren Daten, allgemeine Informationen über die CD-ROM, ein Benutzerhandbuch und den Eurostat-Katalog. ...