The EU CBRN Centres of Excellence Initiative is the largest European civilian external security programme, with a budget of €155 million for 2014-2020, under the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace (IcSP); 61 partner countries are grouped into 8 Regions with Regional S...
As a key element of the EU’s foreign policy, the European neighbourhood policy focuses on stabilising the region in political, economic and security terms.The European neighbourhood policy governs the EU’s relations with 16 of its closest eastern and southern partners. It transla...
Development lies at the heart of the EU’s foreign policy, with the EU providing over half the world’s cooperation funding. The EU’s relationships with the rest of the world are based on solidarity and cooperation. Challenges like climate change, violent extremism, trafficking and...
The European Union and its Member States have been at the forefront of the fight against impunity for core international crimes, collectively providing political, technical and financial assistance to international, regional and domestic accountability efforts. Focusing on the cu...
While the 2011 uprising deeply challenged the authoritarian regime in several regions, analysis of the parliamentary election in wartime is crucial to understanding how the regime attempted to renew its social base, which is assumed to have shrunk during the first years of the co...
The purpose and nature of the deployment of Lebanon’s Hezbollah (‘Party of God’) in Syria vary from one region to another in accordance with the strategic importance of the region to the party. Similarly, the way in which the party builds its alliances and relations with local co...
Beijing’s new activism in the Middle East reflects the evolution of Chinese foreign policy thinking, in line with the country’s rise as an economic superpower. Economic goals rather than ideological considerations have become key criteria in China’s selection of partners in the r...
US-Iran military tension and Europe’s uneasy job running the JCPOA dispute resolution mechanism displays a complicated path to resolve Iran crisis. How can the E3/EU contain the crisis below a manageable threshold? What could be done if the dispute resolution mechanism fails to p...
Positive effects of the EU gas market liberalisation on price and on liquidity now spill over to the Baltic area – a region formerly defined as EU’s ‘energy island’ because no gas infrastructure links then existed between the Baltic States and Finland with the rest of Europe. Tec...
The European Union, with its Member States, is the world’s biggest donor of development assistance and among the first global trading partners and foreign investors. As a Union promoting peace, stability and a rules-based global order, it is faced with many challenges as well as ...
The crime of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, known collectively as core international crimes, threaten the peace, security and well-being of our world. While today’s conflicts and atrocities largely take place outside EU borders, their impact is keenly felt with...
This publication describes the link between energy security and the EU's external policy. The EU imports most of its energy, and its biggest supplier is Russia, a country with very different foreign policy goals to the EU's. Energy is a key aspect of the EU's external...
The unexpected results of Tunisian legislative elections held in September and October 2019 reshuffled a highly contested political system and renewed a political elite accused of forgetting the claims and grievances raised by the 2011 revolution. Notably, popular discontent agai...
Since late 2017, militias affiliated to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) have been deployed in areas west of the Euphrates River, and parts of the region to its east in the governorate of Deir ez-Zor, which was previously under Islamic State (IS) control. Within two y...
As partners with shared interests, the European Union (EU) and the African Union join forces to tackle today’s challenges and promote the rules-based multilateral order and a peaceful, sustainable world. ...
As partners with shared interests, the EU and the African Union are joining forces to tackle today’s continental and global challenges. The African Union (AU) is the EU’s political and institutional partner at Pan-African level. The AU and its Commission play an essential role in...
The 14 scenarios in this Chaillot Paper all follow the same structure, taking us not only on a journey to the future but also backwards to the present: they start out with the signpost set in 2024, describe the desirable future in the years beyond that date, and lay out the pathw...
This is the fourth edition of an annual EPRS publication designed to identify and frame some of the key issues and policy areas that are likely to feature prominently on the political agenda of the European Union over the coming year. The topics analysed are biodiversity, EU poli...
Although large-scale wars and interstate conflicts have almost disappeared, intrastate conflicts remain widespread and result in a high number of victims. During the last ten years, the number of fatalities was substantially higher than in the previous decade. Though these confli...
欧盟是世界上发展援助的最大捐助方，也是世界上几乎每个国家第一贸易伙伴和第一外来投资方。欧盟作为一个促进和平稳定、推广自身价值观和规则的联盟，在一个日益复杂联通的世界上，面临着许多挑战和机遇。欧盟邻国的和平与繁荣对欧盟的繁荣有着积极影响。 欧盟预算帮助欧盟在全球范围贯彻落实施政重点，迎接出现的挑战和机遇，并在世界上通过多边解决方案等方式，促进自身利益。欧盟新长期预算将为欧盟对外预算带来重大现代化。它将提升欧盟对外政策的能见度和有效性，加强与内部政策的协调，并为欧盟更为迅速地应对新危机和新挑战提供灵活性。 ...
The Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) was founded after the Soviet victory at Stalingrad in 1943 with the mission of training a new generation of flag bearers of Communist ideals and Soviet State interests on the international scene, the so-called meždunar...
This report provides an ex post and an ex ante evaluation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement (FPA) between the European Union (EU) and Greenland1. The initial FPA ran until 31 December 2012 and is tacitly renewed for six-year periods. The current Protocol to the EU/Greenland ...
As a key element of the EU’s foreign policy, the European neighbourhood policy focuses on stabilising the region in political, economic and security terms. This factsheet is part of the publication ‘The European Union: What it is and what it does’. ...
The purpose of this glossary is to deliver a common understanding of frequently used terms, concepts and phrases when reading, interpreting, and evaluating technological and environmental research. ...
In a complex, connected and contested world, the European Union remains fully committed to multilateralism and to the rules-based global order with the United Nations at its core, promoting peace and security and developing stable partnerships, while defending universal rights an...
The report starts with a brief introduction to the background to the civil war and the international actors involved. Chapter 2 describes the mandate/structure, protection capabilities and integrity issues of government actors and affiliated armed groups. Subsequent chapters prov...
The rapid spread of the US sub-prime markets crisis to Europe; the Greek debt crisis; the sudden surge in arrivals of irregular migrants and asylum-seekers sparked by wars in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan; the wave of terrorist attacks that struck at the heart of several European c...
This report summarises the proceedings of a workshop organised by the European Parliament’s Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI), in association with the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI) and the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE). Academics and practiti...
The subject of this evaluation is Fisheries Partnership Agreement (FPA) between the EU and the Seychelles and its implementing Protocol. The Agreement was concluded for a period of 6 years from 2 November 2007 and was automatically renewed in 2013 until 1 November 2019. The Proto...
The Frontex Situation Centre (FSC) aims to provide Frontex and its partners with a constantly updated picture of the near-to-real-time situation at the EU external borders and beyond. To achieve this, FSC focuses on the continuous monitoring, production and delivery of informed s...
Frontex, The European Border and Coast Guard Agency, can help Member States and Schengen Associated Countries (Member States) return people who have exhausted all legal avenues to legitimise their stay within the EU. Return operations can take place by land, sea or air. Both Memb...
The workshop hosted discussions on the European Parliament and the current external actions instruments, as well as on the role of the European Parliament under the new proposal for a Neighbourhood, development and international cooperation instrument. ...
The Global Climate Change Alliance Plus (GCCA+) flagship initiative has accumulated a considerable body of practical experience, and identified a number of good practices and over-arching lessons in climate change topics such as (i) (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution, ...
This is the third edition of an annual EPRS publication designed to identify and frame some of the key issues and policy areas that are likely to feature prominently on the political agenda of the European Union over the coming year. The topics analysed are the outlook for a new ...
The 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development offers a unique framework for transformative pathways towards sustainability worldwide. The 2030 Agenda also requires a paradigm shift in governance, - at and between all levels. This study examines the governance frameworks put in place...
On 16 November 1995 the EESC decided to create a EU-Turkey Civil Society Joint Consultative Committee (JCC) based on the mandate given to it under the Ankara Agreement, where it is stated that: “The Council of Association shall take all appropriate steps to promote the necessary ...
This briefing aims to clarify the concept of contemporary forms of slavery and analyse the legal obligations of States, as well as recent international developments at global and EU levels. It highlights the inconsistent application of the concept by global governance actors and ...
This brochure provides an update on the European Union (EU) financial assistance available to local and regional authorities (LRAs) in Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries, including some programmes, instruments, and other financing opportunities that were not covered in the 2015 ...
Just three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall signifying the end of Cold War aggression and the ascendancy of international liberalism, the world faces even greater uncertainty. In every region of the world, geopolitical shifts are taking place that have brought offensive ...
During each meeting a joint declaration is drawn up in order to underline the views of civil society on crucial economic and social issues. This declaration is sent to the authorities in Turkey and in the EU. Representatives from the European Commission, the Council of the Europe...
Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (COM(2018) 460 final); Overseas Countries and Territories (COM(2018) 461 final). ...
This is the second edition of an annual EPRS publication designed to identify key issues and policy areas that are likely to feature prominently on the political agenda of the European Union over the coming year. Topics presented include: the implications for the EU of the terror...
Russia and other energy-rich authoritarian states use their energy exports for economic gains but also as a tool of foreign policy leverage. This study looks at the ways and methods these states have used to exert political pressure through their energy supplies, and what it mean...
This study evaluates the performance of the EU external financing instruments (EFIs) in the light of the European Commission’s mid-term review and discussions on the post- 2020 architecture for such instruments. The evaluation finds that the existing architecture and geographic/t...
Article 21 of the Treaty on the European Union (TEU) affirms that the EU’s external action should be guided by the principle of ‘the universality and indivisibility of human rights’. However, economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) have received less attention than thei...