This study examines changes in the way that knowledge, skills and competence are differentiated in curricula, and how learning is organised across different learning sites: in classrooms, workshops or laboratories, and at workplaces. The study collected information through Cedefop’s ReferNet net...
This research paper forms part of Cedefop’s Comparing VET qualifications project, which seeks to develop robust and scalable methods for analysing and comparing the content and profile of qualifications. Focusing on the dialogue (feedback loop) between VET and labour market stakeholders, the pap...
This new Cedefop CrowdLearn study undertakes a comparative analysis of skill development and workplace learning practices among two major types of online platform work: online freelancing and microwork. It combines information on microworkers drawn from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform with the...
Work-based learning (WBL) has risen rapidly in the policy agenda over recent years in the European Union. Efforts to strengthen WBL, particularly in vocational education and training (VET), are increasingly common throughout European countries. This report analyses the 2016 EU labour force surve...
Key competences are important for personal development, employment, integration into society and lifelong learning. They are transversal and form the basis for all other competences. Acquiring key competences is possible through various learning pathways, including vocational education and train...
This Cedefop paper examines how employment in occupations identified previously as being at high risk of automation has changed over time. It also uses information from a matched employer-employee data set from Ireland, an EU country with relatively high exposure to digitalisation, to examine th...
European policy-making in vocational education and training (VET) needs to be supported by sound evidence. In this report, Cedefop has selected a set of 36 indicators to quantify some key aspects of VET and lifelong learning. The selection was based on the indicators’ policy relevance and their ...
This publication provides a comparative statistical analysis of skills development through continuing vocational training (CVT) in EU enterprises. It is based on data from the latest rounds of the CVTS survey (CVTS 5, 2015 and CVTS 4, 2010) covering EU-Member States, Norway and North Macedonia a...
How can career guidance and validation of non-formal and informal learning be better coordinated, so ensuring the most appropriate support to individuals’ career decisions and personal development? What conditions will support successful coordination between validation and guidance? How can outp...
This publication is the sixth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on analysis of developments over the past two decades (1995-2015), the report provides important insights into developments and change processes related to vocat...