This paper investigates the impact of intermediated funding provided by the EIB on the performance of SMEs in the EU between 2008 and 2014. Using statistical analysis of firm-level data, it finds that EIB lending had a positive effect on employment, firm size, investment and innovation capacity,...
Why don’t non-financial companies in Europe issue more equity? Using experimental data on firms from Europe, this paper analyses how firms trade-off between debt and external equity financing. It finds that firms are willing to pay a substantial premium on debt when presented with an equity part...
Using new experimental data from the EIB Investment Survey, this paper examines how financing conditions can help promotes investment in energy efficiency. Financial instruments and technical assistance are effective in increasing investments in energy efficiency. When these favourable condition...
