It is becoming increasingly clear that the complex and interrelated challenges of climate change, environmental degradation and rising inequality will not be solved without a fundamental transformation of our societies. Many systemic environmental and social challenges are felt acutely in cities...

Renewable energy is expanding across Europe, gradually replacing fossil fuel energy in providing electricity, heating and transport. Renewable technologies create new opportunities for citizens to become energy producers themselves and to actively contribute to the energy transition. This is pos...

The European Green Deal sets out an ambitious agenda 'to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society, with a resource-efficient and competitive economy where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases'. Sewage treatment is an essential service that can deliver clean water, nutrients ...

This document is the annual EU emission inventory report under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention) (UNECE, 1979). The report and its accompanying data constitute the official submission to the UNECE secre...

This report addresses land take as one of the key drivers of land degradation. Other forms of land degradation like soil erosion or compaction as well as the impacts of climate extremes are not covered in this assessment and will be addressed in follow‑up reports. Land take entails the conversio...

This report analyses the main driving factors underlying the trend in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport in the EU, namely the characteristics of the vehicles that are driven, the type of energy they consume, the level of transport activity and the shares of the different transpo...

The year 2021 was the first of implementing the EEA-Eionet strategy 2021-2030. During the year, the EEA played a key role in supporting environmental and climate actions responding to European policies, the European Green Deal (EGD) and the proposal for the Eighth Environment Action Programme (8...

Waste prevention is a key strategy for Europe's transformation towards a resource-light and climate-neutral circular economy. The long-established waste prevention hierarchy, as the optimal policy option for dealing with waste generation, offers the same type of systemic and transformational pol...

Climate change is happening and we need to get ready for more intense heatwaves, floods and storms, wildfires and water scarcity. Different climate-related hazards affect regions, sectors of the economy and members of society in different ways. Decision-makers need the best data and information ...

This report aims to update our knowledge of water stress (a general term that includes drought and water scarcity) in Europe to inform policymakers and interested stakeholders about the current state of play. It presents arguments for a shift from crisis management to risk management, including ...