Case C-621/21, Intervyuirasht organ na DAB pri MS (Women victims of domestic violence): Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 January 2024 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrativen sad Sofia-grad — Bulgaria) — WS v Intervyuirasht organ na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite pri Ministerskia savet (Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Common asylum policy — Directive 2011/95/EU — Qualification for refugee status — Article 2(d) — Reasons for persecution — ‘Membership of a particular social group’ — Article 10(1)(d) — Acts of persecution — Article 9(1) and (2) — Link between the reasons for and acts of persecution or between the reasons for persecution and the absence of protection against such acts — Article 9(3) — Non-State actors — Article 6(c) — Qualification for subsidiary protection — Article 2(f) — ‘Serious harm’ — Article 15(a) and (b) — Assessment of applications for international protection for the purpose of granting refugee status or subsidiary protection status — Article 4 — Gender-based violence against women — Domestic violence — Threat of ‘honour killing’)