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Reconciling climate and defence governance in the EU
Policy coherence in a polycrisis context
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Navigating the polycrisis, the European Union (EU) has committed to a dual agenda: achieving climate neutrality by 2050 while rapidly rebuilding its defence capacity. This thesis examines the extent to which the EU can reconcile these objectives in the industrial domain and leverage rising defence investments as a catalyst for the green transition. Applying a horizontal policy coherence framework, it analyses the interactions between the EU’s Clean Industrial Deal and the European Defence Industrial Strategy. The thesis identifies four areas of synergy within energy transition, critical raw material supply chain resilience, green lead markets, and the circular economy. One partial synergy emerges in research and innovation, and two significant trade-offs are evident regarding energy-intensive mobile platforms and defence exemptions from the EU Emissions Trading System and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. The findings suggest that coherence is achievable where civilian and military industrial trajectories naturally converge, but breaks down where military-specific performance requirements and existing regulatory frameworks insulate the defence sector from decarbonisation incentives.
- Published:
- Corporate author(s): European University Institute
- Themes: Defence , Environment policy and protection of the environment
- Subject: carbon neutrality , clean development mechanism , defence expenditure , EU industrial policy , European defence policy , European Green Deal , policymaking , regulatory policy
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| ISSN | ISBN | DOI 10.2870/3092728 | Catalogue number QM-01-26-290-EN-N |
- Released on EU publications website:
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