This paper presents a methodology for incorporating a regime-based approach to portfolio optimisation, specifically for fixed income portfolios. By segmenting the market into distinct periods or "regimes" characterised by different market conditions, such as high or low volatility, investors can...
This note presents the trends of foreign direct investment into the EU27 for 2024H2, focusing on non-EU (i.e. foreign) investors. It looks at merger and acquisition (M&A) deals and other equity investments of at least 10% of capital of an EU target company, as well as at greenfield projects. A d...
Local projections (LPs) are widely used in empirical macroeconomics to estimate impulse responses to policy interventions. Yet, in many ways, they are black boxes. It is often unclear what mechanism or historical episodes drive a particular estimate. We introduce a new decomposition of LP estima...
The overarching aim of this study is to examine the scale, structure, and strategic positioning of the EU art market by combining conceptual inquiry with robust empirical analysis. This entails not only identifying the main stakeholders along the art market’s value chain - from creation and prod...
In the July 2025 bank lending survey (BLS), euro area banks reported that credit standards for loans or credit lines to euro area firms remained broadly unchanged in the second quarter of 2025 (net percentage of banks of -1%; see Overview table).1 Perceived risks related to the economic outlook ...
The EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement represents a landmark deal, concluded after more than two decades of negotiations. In today’s complex geopolitical landscape, it is essential for the EU’s competitiveness, economic security and resilience to secure new partnership agreements with reliable pa...
The current Vilnius Definition 3.0 corresponds to CPA 2.1. When collecting information for GVA and Employment per CPA category resarchers must ensure that the CPA framework is 2.1. Otherwise, the CPA categories must be converted from 2.1 to the one in use. According to the European System of Acc...
Since September 2017, the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) has been provisionally (and partially) applied. In line with established EU practice, the European Commission has requested an ex-post evaluation to be conducted at least five years after the provisional applic...
Since September 2017, the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) has been provisionally (and partially) applied. In line with established EU practice, the European Commission has requested an ex-post evaluation to be conducted at least five years after the provisional applic...
