The European Union legislation on blood and tissues and cells aims to safeguard public health by setting clear standards for quality and safety. The legislation on blood comprises Directive 2002/98/EC and implementing (technical) Directives 2004/33/EC as amended, 2005/61/EC, 2005/62/EC and 2009/...
In November 2012, the EU Commission adopted the Directive 2012/39/EU amending Directive 2006/17/EC as regards certain technical requirements for the testing of human issues and cells intended for human application. In line with ECDC’s recommendations provided in the ’Risk Assessment of HTLV-1/2 ...
Producing miniature versions of organs in a dish may sound like science-fiction, but thanks to advances in stem cell technology and bioengineering scientists are now able to artificially grow a mass of cells into organoids with similar properties to organs. Organoids represent cells grown in spe...
Complex in vitro models (CIVMs) - such as 3D cell cultures and spheroids, microphysiological systems including organ-on-chip devices, bioreactor cultures or bioprinted tissues – aim to represent higher-level anatomical and physiological aspects of human biology in experimental studies. The under...
