Methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB- 4en-PINACA) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Similar to other synthetic cannabinoids, it is sold as a ‘legal’ replacement for cannabis and controlled synthetic cannabinoids. Because of their high pot...
New psychoactive substances can cause serious cross-border threats to health. In Europe, a three-step legal framework of early warning, risk assessment, and control measures allows the European Union to rapidly detect, assess, and respond to the public health and social threats caused by new psy...
This publication reviews how a number of factors impact on the diversity and content of products and forms of cannabis available in Europe. Drivers of change in this area include policy developments in Europe and elsewhere; advances in production and extraction techniques; and consumer interest....
In December 2016, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Management Board adopted the EMCDDA Strategy 2025. This key document, which sets the direction of travel for the agency in the long term, envisages the adoption of a new International Cooperation Framework, wh...
This short document aims to provide a summary of the main issues that people engaged in developing drug policy, or in commissioning evaluations of drug policy, strategies and interventions, need to consider. There are many sources of more detailed information and guidance on conducting evaluatio...
This publication presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on furanylfentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]furan-2-carboxamide), carried out by the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA on 23 May 2017. The Risk Assessment Report, which was submitted to the Europ...
The EU Drug Markets Report 2016 is the second comprehensive overview of illicit drug markets in the European Union by the EMCDDA and Europol. The analysis presented in this report spans numerous topics such as the links between drugs and other crimes, the licit economy and society more generally...
This country overview provides a structured synopsis of the trends and characteristics of national drug problems in Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244/99) in 2010. It consists of a summary of the national drug situation presenting brief information in key areas (drugs prevalence, prevention, harm reductio...
Over the past 50 years, several jurisdictions in Europe, Australia and the Americas have reduced the penalties associated with using or possessing small amounts of cannabis. As of December 2019, Canada, Uruguay and 10 US states have gone further and passed laws that license the production and re...
This paper describes open-source information monitoring and how we use it at the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in the area of drug markets — what it is and, importantly, what it is not; the methodology for its use; what it can be used for; and its limitations. ...
