The paper investigates the impact of euro adoption on sovereign credit ratings and on long-term rates experienced until the 20th anniversary of the euro. The three pillars of the research are (1) the analysis of the scoring methodology of Credit Rating Agencies, (2) the empirical investigation o...
This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Internal Market and consumer protection, including the impact of measures introduced at national and EU level to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic. What further measures should be considered in order to reinforce the resilience...
This report focuses on the social and economic resilience that might be achieved by well-designed and well-targeted investment in education. It provides a review of the individual and social returns of education in terms of both economic and non-economic effects. The most important economic bene...
The EIB COVID-19 Vulnerability Index examines three main factors that influence the resilience of economies to the COVID-19 shock. 1. Quality of healthcare and age of the population. Older societies and poorly functioning healthcare systems often make countries vulnerable to the health impacts o...
Artificial intelligence (AI) already plays a role in deciding what unemployment benefits someone gets, where a burglary is likely to take place, whether someone is at risk of cancer, or who sees that catchy advertisement for low mortgage rates. Its use keeps growing, presenting seemingly endless...
This document summarises the Study on the Competitiveness of the EU Engineering Industries and the Impact of Digitalisation for the European Commission....
The main objective of this study is to define and test a comprehensive indicator for the sustainability impacts of gas infrastructure projects considering the TEN-E Regulation requirements of Art. 4.2 (b) (iv) and Annex IV.3. The proposed indicator improves the consideration of the projects’ sus...
We propose an empirical framework to measure the degree of weakness of the global economy in real-time. It relies on nonlinear factor models designed to infer recessionary episodes of heterogeneous deepness, and fitted to the largest advanced economies (U.S., Euro Area, Japan, U.K., Canada and A...
