This study presents an overview of possible options for an effective model of enforcement for a future Digital Services Act. Four key areas of regulatory design are emphasised; the failure of self-regulation in relation to platforms; the importance of correct regulatory framing; the necessity of...
The European Commission has put at the core of its strategy for artificial intelligence (AI) the need for a human-centric approach, rooted in fundamental rights and European Union (EU) law. This approach was directly shaped by the work of the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (A...
The non-legally binding International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance working definition of antisemitism (hereinafter referred to as ‘IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism’) has become a widely used definition of antisemitism across the world. Since its adoption by the International Holocaust R...
In 2017, ENISA presented tools and methodologies to support the cooperation between Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) -in particular national and governmental CSIRTs, and Law Enforcement (LE) and provide some recommendations to help them to cooperate closer aiming to successfull...
An intellectual property right (‘IPR’) gives its holder a wide range of rights to prevent third parties from taking advantage of the use or commercialisation of the underlying intellectual asset (brand, invention, etc.). Even though the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property...
The aim of this report is to inform law enforcement officials and policy makers about the various ways in which IP crime is linked to other forms of criminal activity. The report is in the form of a case book, presenting case examples where IP crime is linked to other forms of criminality. There...
