This document describes the design process, definitions, and algorithmic implementation for a pan-European assessment of forest fragmentation. This study is a preceding presentation of the indicator 4.7 in the State of Europe’s Forests 2025 report, published by FOREST EUROPE. Forest cover is der...

This newsletter will keep you informed about how we are working to monitor and protect forests, both in Europe and around the world. The EU Forest Observatory is part of the European Union’s efforts to respond to deforestation and forest degradation. By using satellite data, in-situ measurements...

This technical report presents the assessment protocol for forest/non-forest interpretation from high spatial resolution images that was used to estimate the accuracy of the second version of the Global Forest Cover map for the year 2020 (GFC2020). GFC2020 is a novel spatial representation of fo...

This document presents the second version of the Global map of Forest Cover for the year 2020 at 10 m spatial resolution (GFC2020 v2 dated 7 December 2024). This product is based on the combination of several global land cover / land use data sets and provides a spatially explicit representation...

The Amazon rainforest, a vital global ecosystem, is facing significant threats from the loss of intact forest through deforestation and degradation. This report provides an overview of recent forest changes in the Amazon, focusing on Brazil, the country with the largest portion of the Amazon. Ba...

The report provides guidance on how private operators can use national and global land use maps from 2020 to conduct an initial assessment of the risks of non-compliance with the deforestation-free criteria of the EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products. The specific case of Côte d'Ivoire, ...

The year 2022 was marked by large wildfires that caused significant social, environmental and economic impacts. Describing some of the most impactful occurrences is essential, not only for historical record but also for drawing lessons that can be important for defining policies and improving st...

The European Union is a major trading partner of bio-based products and commodities worldwide. It is therefore crucial to estimate the consequences of EU consumption in terms of the related land demand both domestically and outside the EU. Land footprinting methods inherently adopt life cycle th...

This document presents the input data, methodology and a preliminary assessment of the first version of the Global Forest Cover map for year 2020 at 10m spatial resolution (GFC 2020, version 1, dated 07 December 2023). GFC 2020 builds on several global data sets and provides a harmonized, global...

Forest resources play a strategic role within EU policies on climate, energy, environment and bioeconomy. For this reason, since 2012, the JRC has been developing in-house modelling capacities to assess the recent and future development of European forests’ biomass and carbon stocks using the Ca...