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Study on the EU's list of critical raw materials (2020)
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Study on the EU's list of critical raw materials (2020)

Final report

Study on the EU's list of critical raw materials (2020)

Final report

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Pressure on resources will increase - due to increasing global population, industrialisation, digitalisation, increasing demand from developing countries and the transition to climate neutrality with metals, minerals and biotic materials used in low-emission technologies and products. OECD forecasts that global materials demand will more than double from 79 billion tonnes today to 167 billion tonnes in 2060. Global competition for resources will become fierce in the coming decade. Dependence of critical raw materials may soon replace today's dependence on oil. The EU Green Deal Communication adopted on 11 December 2019 recognizes access to resources as a strategic security question to fulfil its ambition towards 2050 climate neutrality and increasing our climate ambition for 2030. Secure and sustainable supply of both primary and secondary raw materials, in particular of critical raw materials, for key technologies and strategic sectors as renewable energy, e-mobility, digital, space and defence is one of the pre-requisites to achieve climate neutrality. The new Industrial Strategy for the EU addresses the security and sustainability challenge and calls for an Action Plan on Critical Raw Materials and for industry-driven raw materials alliances. This continues the work of the Commission to address the growing concern of securing valuable raw materials for the EU economy. Already in 2008, the European Commission launched the Raw Materials Initiative (RMI). This EU policy pursues a diversification strategy for securing non-energy raw materials for EU industrial value chains and societal well-being. Diversification of supply concerns reducing dependencies in all dimensions – by sourcing of primary raw materials from the EU and third countries, increasing secondary raw materials supply through resource efficiency and circularity, and finding alternatives to scarce raw materials. One of the priority actions of the RMI was to establish a list of critical raw materials at EU level. The first list was published in 2011 and it is updated every three years to regularly assess the criticality of raw materials for the EU. Critical raw materials are considered to be those that have high economic importance for the EU and a high supply risk. The present study is the fourth technical assessment of critical raw materials for the EU, based on the methodology developed by the European Commission in cooperation with the Ad hoc Working Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials (AHWG) in 2017. The first assessment (2011) identified 14 critical raw materials (CRMs) out of the 41 non-energy, non-agricultural candidate raw materials. In the 2014 exercise, 20 raw materials were identified as critical out of 54 candidates. In 2017, 27 CRMs were identified among 78 candidates.
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ISBN 978-92-76-21049-8
DOI 10.2873/11619
Katalognummer ET-01-20-491-EN-N
ISBN 978-92-76-21050-4
DOI 10.2873/904613
Katalognummer ET-01-20-491-EN-C
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ISSN ISBN 978-92-76-21049-8 DOI 10.2873/11619 Katalognummer ET-01-20-491-EN-N
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ISSN ISBN 978-92-76-21050-4 DOI 10.2873/904613 Katalognummer ET-01-20-491-EN-C
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