The Finnish legal system is based on statute law. Finland follows a dualist approach to international law. The Government has the right of legislative initiative, although legislative proposals submitted by MPs may be adopted. In addition, a citizens’ initiative, allowing citizens to make legisl...
The Republic of Lithuania is a unitary state where legislative authority is vested in the central government. The regulatory authority is vested in the Parliament (the Seimas), whereas the implementation and execution of legislation is among the main competences of the Government (Vyriausybė) an...
The national legal system in Liechtenstein is – corresponding to its Constitution – a constitutional hereditary monarchy based on democracy and parliamentary government. Parliament (Landtag) is the representative body of the nation. Its main task is to pass legislation. For a law to enter into f...
In 2018, Turkey transformed from a parliamentary system to a quasi-presidential political system (as of 9 July 2018). In principle, the amended Constitution of Turkey (1982) provides for a separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers. However, under the new system there are certain e...
This report assesses the role of the social partners in tackling workplace discrimination. Against the background of EU and national anti-discrimination legislation, it highlights the extent to which the need to tackle discrimination on different grounds is on the radar of cross-sectoral social ...
The United Kingdom (UK) comprises England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NI). Great Britain (GB) includes England, Wales and Scotland. The UK, which has three legal jurisdictions (England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), is a parliamentary democracy with neither a written const...
The jurisdictional system of Luxembourg consists of both a judicial and an administrative order. The Constitutional Court can be added to these. Thus the judicial order consists of the Constitutional Court and the instances of the judicial order which are the Superior Court of Justice, the Appea...
The supreme law of Malta is the Constitution of 1964, as amended. Malta is an independent republic with a parliamentary system of government. Parliament makes laws subject to respect for Malta’s international obligations, including membership of the European Union. The European Union Act of 2003...
The legal system of Cyprus is based on common law and equity, except where the Constitution provides otherwise. It is further based on the laws passed by the UK Parliament before Cyprus became independent (Article 29(1) (c) of the Court Law No. 14/60) and on the legislation which the House of Re...
Norway is based on a civil law system, where the Constitution is top of the hierarchy and national laws and regulations define the system in more detail. The interpretation of laws is based on both preparatory works as well as interpretations by the courts. The court system is based on three lev...
